Reserve funding
Reserve funding rules, state by state
How reserve funding rules compare across United States states — each explainer translates the governing statute into plain language with the source cited. Not legal advice.
Arizona HOA reserve disclosure rules, in plain language
How Arizona's planned-community and condominium statutes handle reserves through resale disclosure, not a statewide reserve-funding formula, and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer checking a real community.
CaliforniaCalifornia HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How California Civil Code § 5550 treats reserves under the Davis–Stirling Act, why the reserve study is mandatory on a fixed cycle, and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer actually reading the numbers.
ColoradoColorado HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How the Colorado Common Interest Ownership Act actually handles reserves — through budget process, owner veto, and governance policies rather than a universal reserve-study mandate — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer.
DelawareDelaware HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How Delaware's Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act and legacy Unit Property Act actually handle reserves — with an explicit repair-and-replacement reserve definition, a five-year reserve-study concept, and minimum-percentage allocations for some condos — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer.
FloridaFlorida HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How Florida Statutes Chapter 720 actually handles HOA reserves, why they are elective rather than mandatory, and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer making a real decision.
MarylandMaryland HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How Maryland's Homeowners Association Act actually handles reserves — through a mandatory reserve study for HOAs that meet a specific scope test, funding at the study-recommended level with a five-year ramp-up, county phase-in dates, and a narrow hardship exception — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer.
New JerseyNew Jersey HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How New Jersey's Planned Real Estate Development Full Disclosure Act and the 2024 Structural Integrity Law actually handle reserves — through a mandatory capital reserve study on a five-year cadence, a 30-year funding plan, credentialed preparer requirements, structural inspections for covered buildings, and a time-limited 85 percent reduced-funding option — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer.
North CarolinaNorth Carolina HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How North Carolina's Planned Community Act actually handles reserves — through board budget authority plus a majority-of-all-owners budget rejection mechanism, without a statutory reserve-study or funding mandate, plus a significant applicability cutoff for communities created before January 1, 1999 — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer.
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania planned community reserve funding rules, in plain language
How Pennsylvania's Uniform Planned Community Act actually handles reserves — through mandatory disclosure of the reserve amount or its absence in offering statements and resale certificates, with statutory protection against pledging reserve funds, but no reserve-study mandate or minimum funding rule — and what that disclosure-driven posture means for a board, owner, or buyer.
TexasTexas HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
Why Texas Property Code Chapter 209 is silent on HOA reserves — meaning the operative reserve obligation lives entirely in the dedicatory instruments, not in state statute — and what that document-driven regime means for a board, owner, or buyer.
VirginiaVirginia HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
How Virginia's Property Owners' Association Act actually handles reserves — through a mandatory five-year reserve study, annual review, and required budget fields — and what that means for a board, owner, or buyer who needs the numbers to mean something.
WashingtonWashington HOA reserve funding rules, in plain language
Why Washington HOA reserves sit inside an active statutory transition — legacy RCW 64.38 is repealed effective January 1, 2028 and the successor WUCIOA framework (RCW 64.90) is already in force for many communities — and what the dual-framework reality means for a board, owner, or buyer.
Next step
Apply reserve funding rules to a specific HOA
This page explains the rules state by state. The next step is putting them against a real budget or association — pick the option that fits.